Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3341-3354
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-09
Comprehensive Insights into Sitobion avenaePreferences and Performance on Pakistan’s
Wheat Cultivars Leading to Identification of Potential RNAi Targets
(Wawasan Komprehensif tentang Keutamaan dan Prestasi Sitobion avenae pada Kultivar Gandum Pakistan yang Membawa kepada Pengenalpastian Sasaran Berpotensi RNAi)
RUHMA MUKHTAR, EIJAB AFZAL,
RABIA NOREEN, NADIA ZEESHAN & AMBER AFROZ*
Department
of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus,
Gujrat Pakistan
Diserahkan: 14 Januari 2024/Diterima: 26 Ogos 2024
Abstract
Sitobion avenae, a notable hemipteran pest,
poses a significant economic threat to Triticum aestivum due to its
short generation times and high reproductive rates. Challenges like the
development of insecticide resistance, the limited impact of insecticidal
genes, and associated risks led to seeking a more precise approach like RNA
interference. This study evaluated S. avenae response on seven different local cultivars (Anaj-2021, Subhani-2022,
Fakhar-e-Bhakkar-2021, Akbar-2019, Mexi-Pak-2022, Barani-2022, &
Dilkash-2022) through aphid preference test, aphid choice assay,
and aphid performance test. Further, differential proteomics of S. avenae (pre- and post-feeding on susceptible and
resistant wheat cultivars) was performed using Sodium Dodecyl
Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Among the local wheat cultivars,
Anaj-2021 was regarded as the most susceptible cultivar while Barani-2022 was
declared the most resistant. The differential proteome analysis of Anaj-2021 (S),
and Barani-2022 (R) show 11 upregulated proteins including Glutathione S-
transferase, Cathepsin, Carbonic anhydrases, Ecdysone induced protein, Odorant
binding protein 3, Heat shock protein, Salivary effector protein, SID1-like
protein, Sodium channel protein, chemosensory protein, and trypsin were
upregulated in S. avenaeon wheat feeding as
compared to non-feeding. Trypsin, cathepsin-B and carbonic anhydrases are
connected to detoxification and digestion. While odorant binding proteins,
salivary effector proteins, sodium channel proteins and ecdysone- induced
proteins facilitate feeding process in S. avenae. The enhanced expression of proteins
having detoxification, digestion or defense activity
implicates their essential role in the survival of S. avenae. Therefore, these proteins have the potential to serve as RNA interference
targets, against which double-stranded RNA could be designed and expressed in
wheat cultivars to make them resistant to local S. avenae infestation and avert yield loss.
Keywords: Phylogenetic analysis; proteome; RNA interference; SDS-PAGE
Abstrak
Sitobion avenae, perosak hemiptera yang terkenal
menimbulkan ancaman ekonomi yang ketara kepada Triticum aestivum kerana
masa generasinya yang singkat dan kadar pembiakan yang tinggi. Cabaran seperti
pembangunan rintangan racun serangga, kesan terhad gen insektisida dan risiko
yang berkaitan membawa kepada mencari pendekatan yang lebih tepat seperti
gangguan RNA. Kajian ini menilai tindak balas S. avenae pada tujuh
kultivar tempatan yang berbeza (Anaj-2021, Subhani-2022, Fakhar-e-Bhakkar-2021,
Akbar-2019, Mexi-Pak-2022, Barani-2022 & Dilkash-2022) melalui aphid ujian
keutamaan, ujian pilihan aphid dan ujian prestasi aphid. Selanjutnya, proteomik
pembezaan S. avenae (sebelum dan selepas makan pada kultivar gandum yang
mudah terdedah dan tahan) dilakukan menggunakan Sodium Dodecyl
Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Antara kultivar gandum tempatan,
Anaj-2021 dianggap sebagai kultivar yang paling mudah terdedah manakala
Barani-2022 diisytiharkan paling tahan. Analisis proteom pembezaan Anaj-2021
(S) dan Barani-2022 (R) menunjukkan 11 protein terkawal termasuk Glutathione
S- transferase, Cathepsin, Carbonic anhydrases, Ecdysone induced protein,
Odorant binding protein 3, Heat shock protein, Salivary effector protein,
protein seperti SID1, protein saluran Sodium, protein kemoderia dan tripsin
telah dikawal selia dalam S. avenae pada pemberian makan gandum
berbanding dengan tidak diberi makan. Trypsin, cathepsin-B dan anhidrase
karbonik disambungkan kepada detoksifikasi dan pencernaan. Manakala protein
pengikat bau, protein efektor air liur, protein saluran natrium dan protein
yang disebabkan oleh ecdysone memudahkan proses penyusuan di S. avenae.
Pengekspresan protein yang dipertingkatkan mempunyai aktiviti detoksifikasi,
pencernaan atau pertahanan membabitkan peranan pentingnya dalam kemandirian S.
avenae. Oleh itu, protein ini berpotensi untuk berfungsi sebagai sasaran
gangguan RNA yang terhadapnya RNA untai dua boleh direka bentuk dan
diekspresikan dalam kultivar gandum untuk menjadikannya tahan terhadap serangan S. avenae tempatan dan mengelakkan kehilangan hasil.
Kata kunci: Analisis filogenetik; gangguan RNA; proteome; SDS-PAGE
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: dramber.afroz@uog.edu.pk
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